考试题型

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句型1:主谓宾

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谓语动词的单复数由主语决定:

  • 当主语是第一人称(I/we)、第二人称(you)、第三人称复数(they)、或名词复数时,谓语动词使用复数形式(动词复数即动词原形)。
  • 当主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it)、名词单数、或不可数名词时,谓语动词使用单数形式(动词单数一般为动词+s。特殊:have的单数是has)。

主语和谓语的一致性:

  • 主语是复数,谓语也要用复数形式。
  • 主语是单数,谓语也要用单数形式。

例题

选择正确的动词形式填空。

  1. Each of the students has (have/has) a different opinion about the topic.
    • Each 是单数代词,因此动词用单数形式 has
  2. Neither of the solutions works (work/works) for the problem.
    • Neither作主语时,谓语动词在大多数情况下用第三人称单数形式,但在neither of…后可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式。
    • Neither of…: 在语法上被视为单数,因为它表示两个中的“没有一个”,即一个也没有。
  3. The committee is (is/are) meeting tomorrow to discuss the issue.
  4. The family enjoys(enjoy/enjoys) going on vacations together.
    • Family 作为集合名词,通常作为一个整体来看待,因此用单数动词 enjoys
  5. Both of the players play(play/plays) soccer very well.
    • Both 指两个,因此动词用复数形式 play
  6. This type of flower grows(grow/grows) quickly in warm climates.
    • This type 是单数,因此动词用单数形式 grows

句型2:主谓

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1. 基本句型:主谓

  • 句子最基本的成分是主语谓语
  • 主语是执行谓语动作的人或事物
  • 谓语是动作、状态特征

2. 不及物动词

  • 不及物动词不能直接跟宾语
  • 不及物动词通常没有宾语

常见不及物动词

  • sleep
  • dream
  • come
  • arrive
  • go
  • leave
  • work
  • die
  • argue
  • happen
  • walk
  • graduate

例题

1. Each of the students ____B a different opinion about the topic.

A. have B. has C. having D. to have

2. Neither of the solutions B for the problem.

A. work B. works C. working D. to work

3. The committee __A meeting tomorrow to discuss the issue.

A. is B. are C. being D. to be

4. The family __B going on vacations together.

A. enjoy B. enjoys C. enjoying D. to enjoy

5. Both of the players __A soccer very well.

A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play

6. This type of flower __B quickly in warm climates.

A. grow B. grows C. growing D. to grow

句型3:主系表

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知识点梳理

系动词be的使用规则:

  • 一般现在时
    • 第一人称单数(I):使用am
    • 第二人称单数和复数(you)、第三人称复数(they):使用are
    • 第三人称单数(he/she/it):使用is
  • 一般过去时
    • 第一人称单数(I):使用was
    • 第二人称单数和复数(you)、第三人称复数(they):使用were
    • 第三人称单数(he/she/it):使用was

主系表结构:

  • 主语和系动词be的一致性决定了表语的形式,表语用来描述主语的状态或属性。

表语的类型:

  • 表语可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或从句等,用来补充说明主语的性质或状态。

例题

The team of scientists ____B working on a new project.

A. am B. is C. are D. was

My best friend ____B always supportive and kind.

A. am B. is C. are D. be

I ____A very tired after I has finished the long run.

A. was B. has C. have D. finished

句型4:There be

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There be 句型

  • 表示存在某物或某人在某地。
  • be动词的形式由其后的主语决定:
    • 单数可数名词或不可数名词:使用is/was。
    • 复数可数名词:使用are/were。

就近原则

  • 当There be句型中存在多个主语时,be动词的形式由最接近它的主语决定。

例题

There D many new words in Lesson One. It’s very easy.

A. is B. are C. isn’t D. aren’t

There A a pen, two notebooks, and some paper on the desk.

A. is B. are C. isn’t D. aren’t

There A some water and a few cups in the kitchen.

A. is B. are C. isn’t D. aren’t

名词

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知识点梳理

名词

  • 名词用来表示人或物的名称。

专有名词

  • 公认的、独一无二的名称。
    • 例如:江西 Jiangxi;长城 The Great Wall; China;猪猪侠。
    • 通常视为单数。

普通名词

  • 指很多、广泛的名称。
    • 可以进一步分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词
  • 可以数的名词,例如:pig(猪)。
    • 有单复数之分。
    • 表达复数概念时,需要将可数名词变为复数形式。
复数形式的变化规则
  1. 一般规则:名词后加 -s 变为复数形式。
  2. 特殊规则:
    • 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词加 -es 变为复数:例如,match(比赛)变为 matches。
    • 动词变单数的规则与名词变复数的规则相似,但结果不同:
      • 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的动词加 -es 变为第三人称单数:例如,teach(教)变为 teaches。
集体名词
  • 指代一群人或事物的名词,例如:class(班级)、team(团队)、army(军队)、family(家庭)。
    • 侧重整体:视为单数。
    • 侧重每个成员:视为复数。

不可数名词

  • 不能数的名词,通常表示物质、集合名词或抽象概念。

时态和时间表示

  • 特定时间的表示,如中午12点使用 p.m.,凌晨12点使用 a.m

讲义引入

1.名词的概念和种类:表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。有以下四种:

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2.可数名词:个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算称为可数名词;其单数形式前要有a/an/the或数词one或某些限定词来修饰。两个意思的,单词要变复数。变化规则如下:

单词的复数

  1. 单数名词加s:students,apples,bags,trees,books,brothers

  2. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es:glasses,boxes,brushes,matches

  3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es:cities,babies,enemies

  4. 以f或fe结尾的名词,多变f为v加es:wives,knives.但有些词只加s:roofs,proofs,chiefs

  5. 以o结尾的名词,有些加es:Negroes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes.其它加s:radios,zoos,pianos,photo.

  6. 不规则名词:foot–>feet, goose–>geese, tooth–>teeth, child–>children, man–>men, woman–>women, sheep–>sheep, deer–>deer, mouse–>mice.

  7. 某些外来词变复数:datum–>data, medium–>media, bacterium–>bacteria, curriculum–>curricula, criterion–>criteria, phenomenon–>phenomena. (um/on–>a)analysis, basis–>bases, crisis–>crises, diagnosis–>diagnoses.(is–>se)

  8. 复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework。以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant–>menservants, woman student women students.

    其他复合名词变复数:grown-up–>grown-ups, brother-in-law–>brothers-in-law.

  9. 复合形容词做定语时,其中的名词保持单数:a six-year-old boy,a two-hundred-pagebook

🌟注意:

  1. 由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen,但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans。
  2. 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、发廊等都有复数形式。如:a dollar,two dollars;a meter,two meters
  3. 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。People, police,cattle等本身就是 ,

例题

The Great Wall is one of the most famous landmarks in _B.

A. China B. China C. the China D. the China

There are many _C on the farm.

A. sheeps B. deers C. pigs D. oxen

Each of the students has two ___B.

A. box B. boxes C. boxs D. boxex

不可数名词

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名词的分类

  1. 专有名词:独一无二的名称,通常视为单数。
  2. 普通名词:分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词

  • 能数的名词,有单复数之分。
  • 复数形式变化规则:一般加 -s,特殊以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的加 -es。

不可数名词

  • 无法直接计算数目的名词,如 time, chicken, water 等。
  • 没有复数形式,不能被 a/an 或数词直接修饰。
  • 表达数量时借助量词词组,如 a piece of, a set of, a cup of。

不可数名词的典型例子

  • 气体类:air
  • 固体类:bread rice meat
  • 液体类:milk juice tea coffee water
  • 抽象类:advice建议 weather news information信息 traffic
  • 总称类:furniture 家具 luggage = baggage money food equipment 设备

名词的修饰词

  • 只修饰可数名词:基数词,a/an,every,both,few,a few, many。
  • 只修饰不可数名词:little,a little,much。
  • 两者都可以:most, the, some, enough, more, lots of, a lot of。

例题

There is _A good news for you today.

A. a B. an C. much D. little迷茫zaog

I would like to have ___C tea, please.

A. a B. an C. some D. many

She gave us ___D useful advices for our project.

A. two B. a C. an D. some

名词所有格

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  1. 名词的所有格
    • 表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。相当于中文的“的”。
    • 英语中的“的”用两种方式表示:
      1. ‘s(前置翻译)
      2. of(后置翻译)
    • 例子:李华的书:Li Hua’s books;books of Li Hua
  2. 可数名词和不可数名词的规则
    • 不可数名词前不能单独出现,需要在其前面加上限定词a/an/the/one等。
    •    #include “task02.h” void Task02_Init(void){    //初始化串口,让其发送+接收        //开始RCC    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);            //初始化GPIO PA9是单片机的TX PA10是单片机的RX    GPIO_InitTypeDef My_GPIO_IniterStructure;    My_GPIO_IniterStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;    My_GPIO_IniterStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;//输出口配为复用输出    My_GPIO_IniterStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;    GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&My_GPIO_IniterStructure);    My_GPIO_IniterStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;    My_GPIO_IniterStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;//输入口配为复用浮空输入    GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&My_GPIO_IniterStructure);        //USART初始化    USART_InitTypeDef My_USART_InitStructure;    My_USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;//波特率设置    My_USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = DISABLE;//禁用硬件流控制    My_USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;//配置为发送+接收的模式    My_USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;//不使用校验位    My_USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;//1个停止位    My_USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;//有效数据长度为八位    USART_Init(USART1,&My_USART_InitStructure);        //接收模式可配置中断    USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE,ENABLE);//开启串口的接收中断、    NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);//NVIC分组    NVIC_InitTypeDef My_NVIC_InitStructure;    My_NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;    My_NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;    My_NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;    My_NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;    NVIC_Init(&My_NVIC_InitStructure);//初始化NVIC(中断管理器)        //使能串口    USART_Cmd(USART1,ENABLE);} //串口发送函数void Task02_USART1_SendByte(uint8_t Data){    USART_SendData(USART1,Data);    while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);//等待发送完成    //标志位不用清零,每次使用USART_SendData时会自动清零} //串口发送数组void Task02_Serial_SendArray(uint16_t *Array,uint32_t Length){    uint16_t i;    for(i = 0;i < Length;i++)   {        Task02_USART1_SendByte(Array[i]);   }} //串口发送字符串void Task02_Serial_SendString(char *String){    uint16_t i;    for(i = 0;String[i] != ‘\0’;i++)   {        Task02_USART1_SendByte(String[i]);   }} //辅助发送数字的函数uint32_t Task02_Serial_Pow(uint32_t X,uint32_t Y){    uint32_t Resuit = 1;    while(Y–)   {        Resuit *= X;   }    return Resuit;} //串口发送数字void Task02_Serial_SendNumber(int32_t Number,uint8_t Length){    uint16_t i;    for(i = 0;i < Length;i++)   {        Task02_USART1_SendByte(Number / Task02_Serial_Pow(10,Length - i - 1) % 10 + ‘0’);   }} printf重定向//int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)//{//   Task02_USART1_SendByte(ch);//   return ch;//    //} uint8_t Task02_Serial_RxData;uint8_t Task02_Serial_RxFlag; uint8_t Task02_GetSerial_RxFlag(void){    if(Task02_Serial_RxFlag == 1)   {        Task02_Serial_RxFlag = 0;        return 1;   }    return 0;} uint8_t Task02_GetSerial_RxData(void){    return Task02_Serial_RxData;} void USART1_IRQHandler(void){    if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)   {        Task02_Serial_RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);        Task02_Serial_RxFlag = 1;        USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE);//手动清除中断标志位   }}cpp
    • 可数名词不需要遵守此规则。
  3. 's的规则
    • 如果's前面的名词是复数且自带s(如parents),那么's就变成
  4. 固定短语
    • 特殊节日的用法:Teachers’ Day, Children's Day, Mother's Day等。(外来的用Day,本土的用Festival)
  5. ‘s和of的使用规则
    • 注意(补充):虽然“’s”和“of”都表示“的”,但是’s只能用在“人/动物/时间/国家/金钱/度量(斤/米…)/地点(带有地标性质的)/距离/节日”的后面。
    • 例子:Children’s Day, Jiangxi’s weather, the dog’s name, 5 meters’ length, Today’s news, China’s population等。
    • 错误示例:The book’s cover(应该是:The cover of the book)。

例题

例题1:

选择正确的表达方式: A. Li Hua books ✅B. Li Hua’s books C. Books Li Hua’s D. Book of Li Hua

例题2:

选择正确的表达方式: ✅A. Tom’s projector B. Projector of Tom C. Tom projector D. Projector Tom’s

例题3:

选择正确的表达方式: A. My parent’s gift B. My parents’s gift ✅C. My parents’ gift D. My parent gift

例题4:

选择正确的表达方式: A. The book’s cover ✅B. The cover of the book C. Cover the book’s D. The book cover

补充’s的特殊用法

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名词所有格’s的用法

  1. 省略用法
    • 当’s后面跟着地点名词,如家、办公室、餐厅等,’s后的名词可以省略。
      • 例如:I will go to Lily’s house. = I will go to Lily’s.
  2. 区分物品归属
    • A’s and B’s:表示A和B各自拥有的物品。
    • A and B’s:表示A和B共同拥有的物品。
    • 通过计算’s的数量来判断物品归属。
  3. 数词+名词+’s结构
    • 等同于a/an/this/the + 数词 + 名词的结构。
    • 例如:Five years’ plan = a five-year plan。

例题

例题1:填空

I will meet you at the _B.

A. library’s B. library C. library’s entrance D. entrance of library

例题2:选择填空

Tom’s and Jerry’s books are on the shelf. We need to return ___A to the library.

A. them B. it C. Tom’s D. Jerry’s

例题3:填空

Give me a _D packet of chocolates, please.

A. six ounces B. six ounce C. six-ounces D. six-ounce

双重所有格

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名词所有格

  1. 单数名词所有格:在单数名词后加’s表示所属关系。
  2. 复数名词所有格:复数名词以s结尾的,只加’。

名词所有格的特殊情况

  1. 地点名词省略:

    • ‘s后面跟地点名词时,可以省略后面的名词。
    • 例:I will go to Lily’s.(去Lily家)
  2. 物品归属区分:

    • A’s and B’s:A和B各自拥有的物品。
    • A and B’s:A和B共同拥有的物品。
  3. 数词+名词+’s结构

    :等同于a/an/this/the数词+名词的结构。

    • 例:Five years’ plan = a five-year plan。

双重所有格

  1. 双重所有格的形式:限定词+名词+of+名词’s。
  2. 使用情境:当特殊的限定词(如a/an, 数词, this/that/these/those, some/any/several等)和’s一起修饰名词时,使用双重所有格。
  3. 不使用双重所有格:通常不与the和one连用。

名词作定语

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名词作定语

  • 通常使用==名词单数==来作为定语,相当于形容词修饰名词。
    • 例如:a happy day; an acute girl.

特殊情况下的名词复数定语

  1. 当名词作为定语时,如果表意多样或种类多,可能使用复数形式
    • 例如:a sports meeting(多项运动的运动会); two sports meetings.
  2. 如果名词作为定语,表意为多种外语,可能使用复数形式。
    • 例如:Foreign Languages Department.

Man/Woman 作定语的复数变化

  • 当man/woman作为定语,并且其本身变为复数时,所修饰的名词也要变为复数。
  • 例如:a man teacher; two men teachers.
  • 如果所修饰的名词变为复数,man/woman也要变为复数:a woman doctor; two women doctors.

例题

例题1:填空

I have two B_diamond necklaces.

A. diamond necklace B. diamond necklaces C. diamonds necklace D. diamonds necklaces

例题2:选择填空

The _D Department is organizing a cultural festival.

A. foreign language B. foreign languages C. Foreign Language D. Foreign Languages

例题3:填空

There will be a match between _B teachers and boys students.

A. man B. men C. women D. women’s

代词

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代词

  • 代词用来指代或代替名词、名词短语或句子中的词。
  • 代词的使用通常需要前文提到相应的事物。

人称代词

  • 人称代词分为单数和复数形式,包括主格和宾格。
    • 第一人称单数:I(主格)/ me(宾格)
    • 第一人称复数:we(主格)/ us(宾格)
    • 第二人称单数和复数:you(主格/宾格)
    • 第三人称单数:he(主格)/ him(宾格),she(主格)/ her(宾格),it(主格/宾格)
    • 第三人称复数:they(主格)/ them(宾格)
  • 做主语时使用主格,做宾语时使用宾格。

例题

例题1(选择填空)

  • I saw _B at the concert last night. A. he B. him C. his D. he’s

例题2(填空)

  • _A and I are going to the bookstore. A. You B. You’re C. Your D. Yours

例题3(改错)

  • A_ loves B_ very much. A. She B. he C. him D. her

物主代词

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物主代词用来表示所有关系,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

形容词性物主代词

  • 必须后面跟名词使用。
  • 包括:my(我的)、your(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、your(你们的)、their(他/她/它们的)。

名词性物主代词

  • 单独使用,后面不跟名词。
  • 包括:mine(我的)、yours(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)、ours(我们的)、yours(你们的)、theirs(他/她/它们的)。

使用注意点

  • 形容词性物主代词后面必须紧跟名词。
  • 名词性物主代词后面不跟任何名词或代词。

示例

  • 形容词性物主代词:my book(我的书)、your car(你的车)、his house(他的房子)。
  • 名词性物主代词:This book is yours(这本书是你的),That car is mine(那辆车是我的)。

练习

  • 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的正确使用。

示例对话

  • A: Is this car yours?
  • B: No, mine is over there.

指示代词

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指示代词

  • this:指近处的事物,表示“这个”。
  • these:指近处的复数事物,表示“这些”。
  • that:指远处的事物,表示“那个”。
  • those:指远处的复数事物,表示“那些”。

代词it和one

  • it

    :用来指代前文提到的事物,且是独一无二的。==同名同物==

    • 例如:I have a book and it is interesting.
  • one

    :泛指单数可数名词,代替不具体的某一个。==同名异物==

    • 例如:I have a book, it is interesting. I want to buy one.

比较状语从句中的指示代词

  • 在比较状语从句中,如果比较的前面部分是==特指的(头特定),后面部分(后尾巴)==使用:
    • 单数或不可数名词,选择that
    • 复数名词,选择those

例题

例题1(选择填空)

In comparison to the ones in Beijing, the dumplings in _D restaurant are much smaller. ✅

A. these B. those C. this D. that

例题2(填空)

The weather in Shanghai is hotter than A in Nanjing. ✅

A. that B. it C. one D. these

例题3(改错)

The story is more interesting than B I’ve ever read. ❌✅

A. the one B. that C. it D. those

开始认为“比我读过都所有书”为复数,但根据“头特定,后尾巴”,排除 A C ,根据主语“The story”为特定且为单数,所有选 B

不定代词

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不定代词

both

  • ==两者==都。用作主语时,谓语用复数形式。
  • 例如:Both of the books are interesting.

either

  • ==两者==中的任何一个。用作主语时,谓语用单数形式。
  • 例如:Either of the books is interesting.

neither

  • ==两者==都不。用作主语时,谓语用单数形式。
  • 例如:Neither of the books is interesting.

all

  • ==三者及以上==都。根据所指名词的单复数,谓语可以是单数或复数。
  • 例如:All of the answers are correct. (指多个答案)

none

  • ==三者及以上==都不。谓语用单数或复数,优先使用单数。
  • 例如:None of the answers is correct.

例题

例题1(选择填空)❌✅

If you pass the exam, you can choose B as your reward. ❌✅

A. both B. either C. neither D. all

例题2(填空)

There are two novels on the table, and I’ve read B. ✅

A. both B. either C. neither D. all

例题3(改错)

B of the stories are interesting, so you can read any of them. ❌✅

A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None

不定代词的衍生用法

不定代词的衍生用法

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  • **Both…and…**:表示两个都…,后面接谓语复数。
  • **Neither…nor…**:表示两个都不…,谓语遵循就近原则。
  • **Either…or…**:表示要么…要么…,谓语遵循就近原则。

题目1(选择填空)

Lily and I both enjoy reading, so we decided to join the book club together. Which phrase correctly completes the sentence? D

A. both…and… B. neither…nor… C. either…or… D. not only…but also…

题目2(填空)

Without your support, A you A I would have given up.

A. neither…nor… B. either…or… C. both…and… D. not only…but also…

题目3(改错)

I don’t like this hat, could you show me B one?

A. other B. another C. the other D. the others

其他”相关代词

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  • Other:表示其他的,==后面必须加名词复数==,通常用来指代两者中的第二个。
  • Others:表示其他的人或物,视为复数,==后面不能有名词或代词==,非特指的复数代词。
  • The other:单独使用或加名词复数/单数,表示另一个或另一些。
  • The others:表示剩余的其他全部,通常有范围时使用。

题目1(选择填空)

Some of the students are playing football, while C are studying in the library. ❌✅

A. other B. the other C. others D. the others

题目2(填空)

We have ten foreign students in our school. One is from Australia, B is from Japan, and the D are from America. ✅

A. other B. another C. either D. others

题目3(改错)

There are some shops that are well decorated, but B are not so good.❌✅

A. other B. others C. others shop D. other shops

代词another的用法

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  • Another:表示另一个,用于三者及以上中的一个。
    • 例如:another hat(另一顶帽子)、another two hats(另外两顶帽子)。

题目1(选择填空)

Tom has three books. One is in a red cover, and D are in blue covers.✅

A. the other B. other C. another D. the others

题目2(填空)

I don’t like this option. Please give me A. ✅

A. another B. other C. the other D. the others

题目3(改错)

I have three hats, one is blue, and A are red. ✅

A. the others B. another C. other D. none

不定代词辩析和注意事项

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  1. **Some-和Any-**:
    • 疑问句或否定句中多用any-,肯定句中多用some-,但最终以句意为主。
    • ==通常在询问时使用 “something” 来表示希望得到肯定的回答==
  2. 形容词修饰不定代词
    • 当形容词修饰由some/any/every等和body/one/thing等构成的词时,形容词要后置。
    • 例如:somebody better(更好的某人),而不是better somebody。
  3. None 和 No one
    • None:没有人/物,后面可以加of。
    • No one:没有人,后面不可以加of。
    • 回答how many/much提问时,用none表示没有;who提问时,用no one表示没有。
  4. Each 和 Every
    • Each:指两者及以上的每个,可以后接of,表示个体之间的独立关系,如each other(彼此)。
    • Every:指三者及以上的每个,不能后接of,后面必须接名词单数,如every boy(每个男孩)。
  5. Each的用法
    • 当each作为同位语时,谓语动词和主语保持一致,形式一般为“主语+each+谓语”,例如:We each like money.
    • ==使用Each of+复数名词/代词时,谓语动词用单数==,例如:Each of us likes money.
    • ==当使用each/every+名词单数时,and each/every+名词单数,后面的谓语动词用单数==,例如:Each boy and each girl likes money.
  6. Every的特殊用法
    • 可以与other结合使用,表示“每隔一…”,例如:every other week(每隔一周)。
  7. 练习
    • 练习句型:(Each/Every) of us wants to have a high score to be admitted.

题目1(选择填空)

I am looking for something to eat, do you have A?

A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing

题目2(填空)

There are many options available, but I would like to try A.

A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything

题目3(改错)

I don’t have any questions, but if you have B, feel free to ask.

A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything

题目4(选择填空)

I have three apples, and I want to give you D.

A. another B. other C. the other D. the others

题目5(填空)

I don’t like this one, please show me A.

A. another B. other C. the other D. the others

题目6(改错)

I have two books, one is a novel, an is a dictionary.

A. the other B. another C. other D. the others

形容词

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  • 形容词用来修饰名词,一般放在名词前面,表示“……的”。

  • 副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,一般以”-ly”结尾,表示“……地”。

  • 表语形容词(如afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike等)修饰名词时要后置。

    • 例如:a beauty asleep(一个睡着的美人)。
  • “Present”修饰名词时,如果含义为“出席的/在场的”,要后置。

    • 例如:students present(在场的学生)。

形容词的排序

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​ 县官行令色国才

如果是同类型的形容词修饰名词,用and连接:Eg:帅的&聪明的

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enough: 充足的,足够的

例题

例题1(选择填空)

She bought ____ vase from the antique store. C

A. an old Chinese porcelain large B. a large porcelain old Chinese C. a large old Chinese porcelain D. a Chinese old large porcelain

例题2(填空)

He is considered ____ in his field of study. D

A. one of the most intelligent students B. the most one of intelligent students C. the intelligentest student of the most D. the most intelligent student

例题3(改错)

The ______ car is made of recycled materials. B

A. environmentally friendly new small German B. new small German environmentally friendly C. small new German environmentally friendly D. German new small environmentally friendly

比较级和最高级

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形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

  • 比较级:用于两者之间的比较,表示“更……”。
  • 最高级:用于三者及以上之间的比较,表示“最……”。

比较级和最高级的形式

比较级

  1. 单音节或部分双音节词
    • 通过在词尾加“-er”来构成比较级。
    • 例如:fast(快的)→ faster(更快的)。
  2. 多音节词
    • 通过在词前加“more”来构成比较级。
    • 例如:handsome(帅的)→ more handsome(更帅的)。

最高级

  1. 单音节或部分双音节词
    • 通过在词尾加“-est”来构成最高级。
    • 例如:fast(快的)→ fastest(最快的)。
  2. 多音节词
    • 通过在词前加“most”来构成最高级。
    • 例如:handsome(帅的)→ most handsome(最帅的)。

例题

例题1(选择填空)

Between the two novels, I prefer the __ one for its interesting plot. A

A. more interesting B. most interesting C. interesting D. interested

例题2(填空)

Of all the students in the class, Tom is __. B

A. tallest B. the tallest C. more tall D. most tall

例题3(改错)

This is __ story I’ve ever read. A

A. the most interesting B. more interesting C. interesting D. very interesting

最高级注意点

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形容词和副词的最高级用法

  • 形容词的最高级前一般要加定冠词the
  • 副词的最高级前,the加或不加都可以。

练习句型

  • 描述考试中的最高分或其他最高级的情况。

形容词性物主代词

  • 当形容词性物主代词(如my, your, his等)与最高级连用时,最高级前的the要省略。

例题

例题1(选择填空)

This is the __ score in the exam. D

A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest

例题2(填空)

I have read many books, but this one is __. A

A. the most interesting B. more interesting C. interesting D. very interesting

例题3(改错)

This book is ** __ ** I have ever read. A

A. Correct B. the most more interesting C. more the most interesting D. most the most interesting

比较级和最高级的不规则变化

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自带比较级的形容词

  • 这类形容词具有固有的比较性质,通常以”-or”结尾。
    • Superior:更优良的。
    • Senior:更高级的。
    • Junior:较低级的或次一级的。

使用方法

  • 这些形容词用于特定的结构 “be ~+to”,来表达“比…更…”的意思。
    • 例如:be superior to(比…更优良)。

注意事项

  • 避免使用不正确的比较级形式,如 “more superior”,因为这些词本身已经具有比较级的含义。

例题

例题1(选择填空)

The former part of this story is considered C the latter part in terms of quality.

A. in B. to C. than D. on

例题2(填空)

Jack is C Lily in English proficiency.

A. more superior to B. superior than C. superior to D. more superior than

例题3(改错)

This method is A to the other in efficiency.

A. superior B. more efficient C. more superior D. less efficient

比较级用法

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核心内容整理

比较级的用法

  1. 比较级 + than:用于两者之间的比较,表示“比…更…”。
    • 例如:We are more diligent than them.
  2. **越来越…**:
    • 对于短单词的比较级,使用“比较级 and 比较级”结构。
    • 对于长单词的比较级,使用“more and more + 形容词/副词”结构。
    • 例如:better and better; more and more diligent.
  3. The + 比较级…the + 比较级
    • 用于表达“越…越…”的结构。
    • 例如:The harder you work, the luckier you will be.

例题

例题1(选择填空)

Li Hua did __ in the last exam than others.

A. good B. well C. better D. best

例题2(填空)

The more time you spend on practice, __ you will be at it.

A. better B. well C. the better D. the well

例题3(选择填空)

__ you stay in China, the more you will learn about Chinese culture.

A. Longer B. The longer C. Longer; the more D. The longer; more

平级比较

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平级比较

  • 结构as + adj 或 adv 原级 + as,表示“和…一样…”。
  • 形容词:用于修饰名词,如 “You are as cute as Li Hua.”
  • 副词:用于修饰动词或其它形容词,如 “You play basketball as well as Li Hua.”

平级比较的否定形式

  1. not as + adj/adv 原级 + as:表示“不如…一样…”。
  2. not so + adj/adv 原级 + as:也表示“不如…一样…”。

==PS:副词原形是加ly的==

特殊表达

  • as many as:用于修饰可数名词,表示“和…一样多”。
  • as much as:用于修饰不可数名词,表示“和…一样多”。
  • as + adj/adv 原级 + as + possible:尽可能…,如“as soon as possible”。

例题

例题1(选择填空)

Tom’s pen writes as __ as mine.

A. smooth B. smoothly C. more smooth D. more smoothly

例题2(填空)

You are __ as diligent A Li Hua.

A. as…as B. more…than C. less…than D. not so…as

例题3(改错)

I don’t play the piano as __ as my sister.

A. well B. good C. better D. best

副词

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副词

  • 副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示方式、程度等,一般以”-ly”结尾。

副词的修饰对象

  • 副词可以修饰动词(如:I dance happily.)。
  • 副词放在形容词前面修饰形容词(如:I am very good.)。
  • 副词也可以修饰其他副词(如:I dance very happily.)。

形近副词辨析

  • Hard:作为形容词意为“困难的”或“硬的”,作为副词意为“努力地”、“用力地”或“强烈地”。
  • Hardly:作为副词意为“几乎不”。
  • Late:作为形容词意为“晚的”或“迟到的”,作为副词意为“晚地”或“迟到地”。
  • Lately:作为副词意为“最近”。

例题

例题1(选择填空)

She worked so hard that she could complete the task _. A. easily B. hardly C. quickly D. slowly

例题2(填空)

–What was the weather like yesterday? –It was terrible! It rained _, I could hardly go out.

A. hard B. hardly C. late D. lately

例题3(改错)

The story is so interesting that I can hardly put it _. A. down B. up C. away D. on

副词的特殊情况

  • “Present”作为形容词时,有其他含义,如“目前的/现在的”,并且不需要后置。
    • 例如:the present situation(目前的情形)。

例题

例题1(选择填空)

I noticed that all the members were at the meeting, except for one who was __.

A. absent B. late C. present D. missing

例题2(填空)

The __ members were all attentive during the lecture.

A. member present B. members present C. present members D. members absent

表语形容词后置(改错)

The good students are all __ now.

A. awake B. sleeping C. alive D. alone

🌟倍数表达法(考/重/背)

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  • 三种基本句型
    1. 倍数 + 比较级 + than:表示“…是…的几倍”。
    2. 倍数 + as + adj/adv 原级 + as:表示“…和…一样…的几倍”。
    3. 倍数 + the + 名词(如height, length, width, size等)+ of…:用于具体描述某物的尺寸或大小是另一物的几倍。
  • 倍数词汇:如twice(两倍)、three times(三倍)、four times(四倍)、half(0.5倍)。
  • 注意点:倍数总是在比较结构的前面。

例题

==这条路是那条路的6倍宽==

句型1:The way is five times wider than that way

句型2:The way is six times as wide as that way

句型3:The way is six times the width of that way

例题1(选择填空)

This river is __ long as the one in the north. A. twice B. three times C. twice as D. three times as

例题2(填空)

The weight of the elephant is __ times that of the dog. A. five B. five times C. the five D. five time

例题3(改错)

The size of the new apartment is three times __ the old one. A. of B. to C. than D. from

形容词和副词补充

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动词

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动词分类

  1. 实义动词:表示动作或状态。
    • 动作动词(Action Verbs):如 play, run。
    • 系动词(Link Verbs):如 be, seem。
  2. 及物动词(Transitive Verbs, vt)
    • 后面必须直接接宾语的动词。
    • 例如:I play soccer.(我踢足球)。
  3. 不及物动词(Intransitive Verbs, vi)
    • 后面不能直接接宾语的动词,通常没有宾语,但可以加介词和宾语。
    • 例如:The sun rises.(太阳升起)。

及物动词与不及物动词的区别

  • 大部分动词是及物动词,不及物动词较少见。
  • 遇到不及物动词时应记下,因为它们通常不能直接接宾语。

被动语态

  • 及物动词有被动语态形式(be + 过去分词)。
  • 不及物动词没有被动语态。

被动语态的构成

  1. 确定be动词的形式(am/is/are/was/were)。
  2. 确定动词的过去分词形式(通常为动词原形+ed,不规则动词需特别记忆)。

例题

例题1(选择填空)

The game was quite exciting, and it __ by millions of people.

A. watched B. was watched C. watches D. is watched

例题2(填空)

She plays the piano beautifully, and the piano __ by her.

A. is played B. plays C. played D. will play

例题3(改错)

The flowers are watered every day, and they __ by the gardener.

A. are watered B. water C. watering D. watered

系动词

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系动词

  • 系动词用来描述状态,最常见的是 “be”(am/is/are; was/were)。
  • 感官动词:sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、look(看起来)、feel(摸起来)、taste(尝起来)。
  • 变化类:go/grow/get/turn/become(变得)。
  • 保持类:stay/remain/keep(保持/仍然是)。
  • 证明类:prove/turn out(证明是)。
  • 似乎类:seem/appear(似乎是)。

考点

  1. 所有系动词都可以被 “be” 替换。
    • 例如:The advice sounds great. = The advice is great.
  2. 系动词没有被动语态。
    • 例如:The advice sounds great. 没有被动形式,不能说 The advice is tasted great.

例题

例题1(选择填空)

The flowers in the garden __ wonderful in the morning.

A. smell B. are smelled C. smelled D. are smelling

例题2(填空)

–How do you like the apple? –It __ sweet.

A. tastes B. is tasted C. tasting D. tasted

例题3(改错)

The soup __ too salty.

A. tastes B. is tasted C. tasted D. tastes of

实义动词

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image-20240723101846397 image-20240722214350377

实义动词的特殊情况

  1. 及物动词与副词连用
    • 某些及物动词后跟副词如 well, quickly, easily 等,表示事物的性质或状态,使用主动语态。
    • 例:The book reads easily.
  2. 接双宾语的及物动词
    • 能接双宾语的及物动词,如 give, offer, tell, ask, bring, lend 等,具有宾语1(人)和宾语2(物)。
    • 例:He gives me a gift.

例题

例题1(选择填空)

The soup __ too salty. A. tastes B. is tasted C. tasted D. tastes of

例题2(选择填空)

She __ me the truth this morning. A. told B. tells C. is told D. was told

例题3(选择填空)

Could you __ me your notes? A. lend B. lends C. to lend D. lending

👌时态导图👌

时态:一般现在时

image-20240724103134352

image-20240724103139844

image-20240724104741191

image-20240724105128259

一般现在时

  • 形式:==主动语态使用动词原形、动词第三人称单数形式、am/is/are;====被动语态使用am/is/are + done(过去分词)==。
  • 用法:用于描述现在的状态、经常发生的事情或普遍真理。

一般过去时

  • 形式:动词过去式。
  • 用法:用于描述过去发生的事情或状态。

一般现在时的用法

  • 描述现在的事情或经常发生的事情。
  • 使用关键词:every + 时间(如everyday、every week)、often、usually、always、on weekends、once a week、sometimes、now and then、from time to time、whenever等。

被动语态

  • 当主语是动作的承受者时使用。
  • 结构:be动词 + 过去分词。

2.2 客观真理或者自然规律(背)此条规则永远一般现在时,无视其他规则

image-20240724115844789

例题

例题1(选择填空)

I __ like to have a cup of coffee in the morning. A. usually B. use to C. seldom D. occasionally

例题2(选择填空)

Lily __ homework every day. A. does her B. do her C. does his D. do his

例题3(填空)

Homework __ by Lily every day. A. is done B. does C. done D. do

1
2
3
We clean the classroom

The classroom is cleaned by us

主将从现规则

image-20240724160838992

  • 当使用从属连词引导条件状语从句时,主句使用一般将来时(will + 动词原形),从句使用一般现在时。
  • 常见的从属连词包括:when(当…时候)、as soon as/ the moment/ the minute(一就)、if(如果)、once(一旦)、as long as(只要…)。

例题

例题1(填空)

If it __ tomorrow, we will go to the park. A. rains B. will rain C. rain D. is raining

例题2(填空)

I will call you __ I arrive at the airport. A. when B. while C. as soon as D. until

例题3(填空)

__ you pass the exam, you will be eligible for the scholarship. A. If B. Unless C. Once D. Although

祈使句

image-20240724161131484

  • 以动词原形开头,用于表达要求或命令。

主祈从现规则

image-20240724161139180

  • 当主句是祈使句时,从句使用一般现在时态。

从属连词

  • 常见的从属连词包括 when, as soon as, if, once, as long as 等,它们后面引导的从句通常使用一般现在时。

例题

例题1(填空)

Mary, be __ when you pass through the street. A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. most careful

例题2(填空)

Don’t laugh __ others make mistakes. A. when B. while C. as soon as D. until

例题3(填空)

Ask her to come here __ she finishes her work. A. when B. after C. while D. since

祈使句的易混淆考点

image-20240724162130620

  1. 主祈从现

    祈使句后面跟一个由丛属连词引导的从句,从句使用一般现在时。

    • 例:Go to the left and you will find the path reaching to the top of the hill.
  2. 主并将

    祈使句后面跟一个由并列连词and或or引导的从句,and引导的从句使用一般将来时,表示承接关系;or引导的从句也使用一般将来时,表示转折关系。

    • 例1:Study hard and you will pass the exam.
    • 例2:Run, or you will miss the turn.

例题

例题1

Turn to the left __ you will find the path reaching to the top of the hill. A. and B. or C. but D. so

例题2

Study hard __ you will pass the exam. A. and B. or C. but D. so

例题3

Run __ you will miss the turn. A. and B. or C. but D. so

一般过去时

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image-20240724163657047

  1. 一般过去时:用于描述过去发生的动作或状态。

  2. 动词变化:

    • 主动语态:一般动词后加-ed构成过去式,如”visit”变为”visited”。
    • 特殊情况:不规则动词的过去式和过去分词需参考不规则动词表。
  3. 被动语态:was/were + 动词的过去分词,如”was visited”。

关键词:last+时间(如last night, last week等),yesterday, the day before yesterday, just now, 时间+ago(如3 days ago),in+过去时间(如in 2023)。

例题1(选择填空)

The museum was closed last night, so we couldn’t go in. He said he __ there last week.

A. has visited

B. had visited

C. visited

D. was visiting

例题2(选择填空)

She __ the book to me yesterday, and I finished reading it last night.

  • A. lent

  • B. has lent

  • C. was lending

  • D. had lent

例题3(选择填空)

I __ to the beach with my family just now, and we had a great time.

A. went

B. go

C. will go

D. goes

一般将来时

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image-20240802171757891

一般将来时的定义:用来描述将来发生或将要发生的动作和状态。

构成形式:

  • 主动语态:will + 动词原形,表示“将/将要…”。
  • 被动语态:will be + 动词的过去分词,表示“将被/将要被…”,其中be的形式不变化。
  • 第一人称使用shall + 动词原形或shall be + 动词的过去分词,表示将来时态。

关键词:next + 时间(如next week, next year等),this + 时间(如this afternoon, this evening),tomorrow,in + 中性时间词(中性时间词本身不代表时态,如3 days, 2 weeks等)。

将来时的构成:

  • will + 动词原形:最常用的形式,表示临时性的将来动作或状态。
  • am/is/are + going to + 动词原形:表示“打算”或计划性的将来动作,主观性强,如根据天气迹象等。
  • am/is/are + to + 动词原形:表示客观安排的将来动作,通常需要长期筹备,涉及重大事项或多人活动。
  • am/is/are + about to + 动词原形:表示“正要…;正准备…”,不与时间状语连用。

使用建议:==如果没有出现在同一道题里,可以根据上下文选择使用上述任何一种将来时形式。如果出现在同一道题里,需要根据具体情况进行辨析。==

例题1(选择填空) She __ to the library after school tomorrow.

  • A. goes

  • B. went

  • C. will go

  • D. is going

例题2(选择填空) The new shopping mall __ in the city center next year.

  • A. will be built

  • B. builds

  • C. built

  • D. is building

例题3(选择填空) The problem __ by the experts at the meeting next week.

  • A. will be discussed

  • B. discusses

  • C. discussed

  • D. is discussing

image-20240803111813793

  1. 将来时的定义:用于描述将来发生或将要发生的动作和状态。
  2. 将来时的构成:
    • will + 动词原形:最常用的形式,表示临时性的将来动作或状态。
    • am/is/are + going to + 动词原形:表示计划性的将来动作,主观性强。
    • am/is/are + to + 动词原形:表示客观安排的将来动作,通常需要长期筹备。
    • am/is/are + about to + 动词原形:表示即将发生的动作,不与时间状语连用。
    • 位移动词的现在分词形式(come, arrive, go, leave):表示按计划即将发生的将来动作。
  3. 将来时的关键词:next + 时间,this + 时间,tomorrow,in + 中性时间词。
  4. 使用建议:根据上下文和动作的性质选择合适的将来时形式,注意不要混用。

进行时

image-20240803120814394

进行时

  • 进行时用来描述在某一特定时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作或状态。
  • 现在进行时:主动语态“am/is/are + v-ing”,被动语态“am/is/are + being done”,表示当前正在进行的动作或状态。
  • 过去进行时:主动语态“was/were + v-ing”,被动语态“was/were + being done”,表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或状态。
  • 将来进行时:主动语态“will be + v-ing”,被动语态“will be + being done”,表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作或状态。

考点

  1. 进行时态的构成需要根据上下文的时间背景选择适当的助动词和动词形式。
  2. 进行时态的被动语态构成与主动语态不同,需注意“being”的使用。

例题1(选择填空)

The teacher __ the exam while the students __ it yesterday. A

A. was giving / were taking

B. gave / took

C. is giving / are taking

D. will give / will take

例题2(填空)

–What is happening outside? –The construction work __. A

A. is going on B. goes on C. went on D. will go on

例题3(改错)

While I __ my homework, the phone rang. B

A. did B. was doing C. do D. am doing

image-20240803125306173

image-20240803125311842

过去将来时

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image-20240803192925879

过去将来时

  • 过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间点看将来的动作或状态。
  • 构成形式:
    • would + 动词原形。
    • was/were + going to + 动词原形。
    • was/were + to + 动词原形。
    • was/were + about to + 动词原形。
    • 特殊位移动词的过去进行时形式:was/were + v-ing。
  • 最常用形式:would + 动词原形(主动语态);would + be + 过去分词(被动语态)。
  • 具体用法:当句子中有过去时间背景,同时又要表达将来的动作或状态时,使用过去将来时。

考点

  1. 过去将来时的使用条件:句子中==有明确的过去时间背景==,并且要表达将来的动作或状态。
  2. 过去将来时与一般将来时的辨析:存在过去时间背景时使用过去将来时,否则使用一般将来时

例题

例题1(选择填空):When I was young, I dreamed that I __ a famous scientist.

A. will be

B. would be

C. am

D. was

例题2(选择填空):She said that she __ to the beach the next day.

A. will go

B. would go

C. was going

D. is going

例题3(选择填空):They knew that the train __ at 6:00 PM.

A. will arrive

B. would arrive

C. was arriving

D. is arriving

过去将来进行时

image-20240803194222596

  • 过去将来进行时表示从过去的视角看将来某个时间正在进行的动作或状态。
  • 构成形式:
    • 主动语态:would be + v-ing
    • 被动语态:would be + being done
  • 用法:与过去将来时类似,但更加强调动作的进行性。

考点

  1. 过去将来进行时的使用条件:需要从过去的某个时间点预期将来某个时间正在进行的动作或状态。
  2. 与简单过去将来时的区别:过去将来进行时强调动作的进行性,而简单过去将来时只表示将来的动作或状态。

例题

例题1(选择填空):Yesterday, I knew that she __ in the park at that time.

A. would be walking

B. would walk

C. was walking

D. is walking

例题2(选择填空):I had a feeling that the moment I left the room, he __.

A. would be following

B. would follow

C. was following

D. is following

例题3(选择填空):She __ that we __ at the party when she arrived.

A. knew / would be dancing

B. knew / would dance

C. was knowing / were dancing

D. is knowing / are dancing

🌟现在完成时

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😍现在完成时(用法1)

  • 概念:表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在,并且可能还会继续下去。

​ 从古至今

  • 构成形式:
    • 主动语态:have/has + 动词的过去分词。
    • 被动语态:have/has + been + 动词的过去分词。
  • 用法:通常与”for + 时间段”或”since + 过去时间点/句子”连用,强调从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。

考点

  1. 现在完成时常用来表达==过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果==。
  2. 与时间状语连用,如”for + 时间段”或”since + 过去时间点/句子”,以体现持续性。

例题1:Li Ming __ in this school since he was six years old. C

A. study

B. studied

C. has studied

D. is studying

例题2:Since the company was founded, it __ many awards for its innovation. B

A. won

B. has won

C. wins

D. is winning

例题3:The project __ by the time we arrive will be very important for our company. B

A. completed

B. has been completed

C. completes

D. is completing

image-20240804200806894

😍用法2特点:

  • 动作或状态发生在过去。
  • 对现在造成了明确的、合理的结果或影响。
  • 结果或影响必须是题干中明确体现的,不能是推测或假设的。

考点

  1. 现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响,这种影响必须是实际和合理的。
  2. 注意区分现在完成时与一般过去时:现在完成时关注对现在的影响,一般过去时只关注过去的事实。

例题

例题1:Jennifer took Pinru’s clothes last week, so Pinru __ to wear today. A

A. has nothing

B. has something

C. had nothing

D. had something

例题2:Li Hua was bitten by a snake yesterday, so he __. A

A. has been to the doctor

B. went to the doctor

C. is going to the doctor

D. will go to the doctor

例题3:I lost my keys this morning, so I __ to work. A

A. couldn’t get

B. can’t get

C. couldn’t have got

D. mustn’t get

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image-20240804204236172

😍现在完成时与瞬间动词

  • 概念:瞬间动词(短暂性动词/非延续性动词)是指那些表示动作瞬间完成并结束的动词,如die(死亡)、buy(买)、leave(离开)、join(加入)、jump(跳)等。
  • 特点:瞬间动词可以有完成时形式,但不能与一段时间连用,因为这会导致逻辑上的矛盾。
  • 正确表达:要表达瞬间动词持续一段时间的状态,需要使用相应的形容词或副词,或者换成意义相近的可持续动词。

考点

  1. 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的使用限制:不能与时间段连用。
  2. 转换表达:使用形容词、副词或意义相近的可持续动词来表达持续状态。

例题

例题1:This company __ its headquarters last year, and it has been operating from the new location ever since.

A. move

B. has moved

C. is moving

D. had moved

例题2:My grandfather __ for three years when I was a child.

A. has been dead

B. has died

C. died

D. was dead

例题3:When did you buy this book? I __ it for 3 months.

A. have had

B. have bought

C. have been bought

D. have kept

image-20240804205036456

现在完成时的特定用法

  • 用法4:题干中出现关键词“so far”(到目前为止),“by now”(到现在),或“up to now”(直到现在),通常使用现在完成时。
  • 用法5:表示到目前为止一个动作或状态反复发生的情况。这种用法通常用于已经完成的动作,表示动作发生了多次。yet

考点

  1. 识别关键词“so far”、“by now”或“up to now”,这些关键词提示使用现在完成时。
  2. 理解现在完成时表达反复发生的动作或状态的含义。

例题

例题1:So far, the company __ many awards for its innovative products.

A. won

B. has won

C. wins

D. is winning

例题2:By now, she __ the story several times, so she knows it by heart.

A. read

B. has read

C. reads

D. is reading

例题3:Up to now, we __ a lot about ancient history in this class.

A. learned

B. have learned

C. learning

D. are learning

过去完成时

image-20240804215420089

  • 概念:过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态。
  • 构成形式:
    • 主动语态:had + 动词的过去分词(done)。
    • 被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词(done)。

用法1

  • 与时间状语连用,如”by the time + ==过去时的句子==”(到…时候),”by + ==过去时间==”(到某个过去时间),”up until + ==过去时间==”(直到某个过去时间)。
  • 当句子中有这些时间状语时,通常使用过去完成时。

考点

  1. 识别时间状语,如”by the time”、”by + 过去时间”、”up until + 过去时间”,这些是使用过去完成时的提示。
  2. 理解过去完成时与简单过去时的区别:过去完成时强调在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作,而简单过去时只表示过去的动作或状态。

例题

例题1:By the time the police arrived, the thief __ the bank.

A. had robbed

B. robbed

C. has robbed

D. is robbing

例题2:We __ our dinner when the power went out suddenly.

A. had finished

B. finished

C. have finished

D. are finishing

例题3:By the end of last year, she __ in the company for five years.

A. had worked

B. worked

C. has worked

D. is working

image-20240804220855332

用法2特点

  • 涉及两个过去的动作或状态,它们之间存在先后顺序。
  • 先发生的动作使用过去完成时(had done/had been done),后发生的动作使用一般过去时或其它过去时态。
  • 通常用于表达“过去的过去”。

考点

  1. 识别两个过去动作的先后顺序,并正确使用过去完成时和一般过去时。
  2. 理解过去完成时在表达“过去的过去”时的用法。

例题

例题1:Last year, he said that he __ his military service.

A. had completed

B. completed

C. has completed

D. is completing

例题2:When she received the letter, she __ that her uncle __ in the war.

A. knew / had fought

B. knows / fought

C. had known / fought

D. knows / has fought

例题3:Before the telephone was invented, people __ messages by carrier pigeon.

A. had sent

B. sent

C. have sent

D. are sending

image-20240804221502638

将来完成时

  • 概念:将来完成时表示在将来某个时间点或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态。
  • 构成形式:
    • 主动语态:will have + ==动词的过去分词==。
    • 被动语态:will have been + ==动词的过去分词==。
    • 第一人称(I/we)还可以使用shall have + 动词的过去分词(主动语态)和shall have been + 动词的过去分词(被动语态)。

用法

  • 与将来时间状语连用,如”by + ==将来时间==”(到…时候),”up until + ==将来时间==”(直到…时候)。
  • “by the time + ==一般现在时的句子==”表示“到…时候”,在这种情况下,另一部分使用将来完成时。

考点

  1. 识别将来时间状语,如”by + 将来时间”、”up until + 将来时间”,这些是使用将来完成时的提示。
  2. 理解将来完成时与一般将来时的区别:将来完成时强调在将来某个时间点之前已经完成的动作,而一般将来时只表示将来的动作或状态。

例题

例题1:By the end of this course, we __ all the necessary skills.

A. will have learned

B. will learn

C. have learned

D. are learning

例题2:By the time you arrive at the airport, the flight __ off.

A. will have taken

B. takes

C. has taken

D. is taking

例题3:Up until next week, they __ the project.

A. will have completed

B. complete

C. had completed

D. are completing

了解即可

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情态动词

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1.表示情感和态度的助动词

2.不能单独作谓语,必须在后面搭配动词原形(情态动词后用动词原形)

  • 定义:情态动词是表示情感和态度的助动词,不能单独作谓语,必须与动词原形搭配使用。

can/could:

  • 表示“能;能够”,表达已经拥有的能力。
  • 例如:I can speak Chinese.(我能讲中文。)
  • be able to:强调付出努力后能够做到的事情。
  • 例如:I am able to speak Chinese.(我付出努力后,能讲中文了。)

在疑问句中,can/could 用来提问,表示“可以/能够…吗?”。

==回答时使用can/can’t,而不用could/couldn’t==。

考点

  1. 区分can/could与be able to的用法和含义。
  2. 掌握can/could在疑问句和回答中的用法。

例题

例题1:I am not sure if I can do it, but I will try my best if I __ the opportunity.

A. will have B. have C. had D. was having

例题2:–Can you speak English? –Yes, I __.

A. can B. could C. am able to D. was able to

例题3:She asked if I __ go to the concert with her.

A. can B. could C. was able to D. am able to

May/might

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  1. 用法1:表示请求或许可。
  • “May I…?” 用于第一人称的请求。
  • “You may…” 表示许可。
  • “Might I…?” 较为委婉,不常用于回答。
  • 回答时不用 “might/might not”。
  1. 用法2:表示可能性,”may/might” 均可。
  2. 用法3:”May/might as well” 表示 “倒不如” 或 “不妨”。
  3. 特殊用法:”may + 主语 + 动词原形” 用于表示祝愿。
  4. 语气和可能性
  • “could” 比 “can” 更委婉、语气更弱、可能性更小。
  • “might” 比 “may” 更委婉、语气更弱、可能性更小。

考点

  1. 区分 “may/might” 在请求、许可和可能性中的用法。
  2. 注意 “may/might as well” 的用法。
  3. 了解 “may” 用于祝愿的表达方式。
  4. 掌握 “could” 和 “might” 相对于 “can” 和 “may” 的委婉和可能性的细微差别。

例题1:

Could you pass me the salt? Yes, of course you __.

A. can B. could C. might D. may

例题2:

I’m not sure if he will join us, but he __ if he has time.

A. may come B. might come C. could come D. will come

例题3:

You __ stay here as long as you like.

A. might B. may C. can D. must

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情态动词:Should=Ought to

  • 应该表示责任或义务,有时带有责备语气。

  • 例如:”You should exercise more for your health.”

  • 竟然用来表示惊讶或出乎意料的情感。

  • 例如:”You should see the size of that fish he caught!”

情态动词:Will/Would

  • 表示将来或意愿。
  • “Will + 动词原形” 表示一般将来时态。
  • “Would + 动词原形” 表示过去将来时态或虚拟语气。

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情态动词:Shall

  1. 用在==第一人称==后:相当于will,表示“将/将要”
  2. 用在==其他人称==后:“务必;会”,带有一种警告/命令意味

例:You shall obey the rules. 你务必遵守规则

  1. 表示提议,“shall we….?”我们做…去吧?
    Shall we have a talk? 我们谈一谈吧
  2. 注意:should是shall的过去式,但是仅此而已,它们的用法是分开的。

情态动词:must

  1. must “必须”和have to“不得不” have to更加勉强;被迫
  2. must“硬要/非要”

–Can I stay for dinner?

–If you must. 如果你硬要的话

  1. must“必须”–“不必needn't;don't/doesn't/didn't have to.
    注意:==must not = mustn’t 只有一个意思“禁止”==。「must/mustn’t
    常用于强制性的事物,经常与“生命安全/法律/规定”连用。涉及
    到这些方面,,must和mustn’t优先度比其他情态动词更高。」
    2002真题:Jane says that we__not touch the snake as it is very
    dangerous. D
    A. need B. can C. should D. must

情态动词:need

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情态动词

  • 作为情态动词使用时,后面要加动词原形,表示没有义务做某事或不必做某事。
  • 作为情态动词时,疑问句和否定句中使用”need”作为助动词。

实义动词

  • 作为实义动词使用时,后面可以直接跟宾语或使用"to" + 动词原形,表示需要某事物或需要做某事。
  • 作为实义动词时,使用”do/does”作为助动词。

==注意==:当”need”作为情态动词时,肯定句中不能使用”need do sth”结构。

dare 敢

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  1. 实义动词:dare to do sth敢做某事
  2. 情态动词:dare not do sth不敢做某事。Dare…do sth?敢做某事吗?dare do sth敢做某事。
    How dare you!你怎么敢!

情态动词的推测🌟

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过去的推测

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  1. Must have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测,意为“一定做过”;“must have been doing” 表示“一定正在做”;“must have been done” 表示“一定被……”。

  2. Can have done 表示对过去事情的可能性推测,意为“可能做过”;“Can have been doing” 表示“可能正在做”;“Can have been done” 表示“可能被……”。

  3. Could have done 表示对过去事情的推测,意为“可能做过/本可以做(但实际没做)”;“Could have been doing” 表示“可能正在做”;“Could have been done” 表示“可能被……”。注意:“could” 相比 “can” 可能性更小。

  4. May/might have done 表示对过去事情的推测,意为“也许做过”;“may/might have been doing” 表示“也许正在做”;“may/might have been done” 表示“也许被……”。注意:“might” 的可能性比 “may” 更小。

  5. Should/ought to have done 表示“本应该做(但实际没做)”,含有责备或遗憾的意味;“should/ought to have been doing” 表示“本应该正在做”;“should/ought to have been done” 表示“本应该被做”。

  6. Need have done 表示“本需要做(但实际没做)”;“need not have done” 表示“本不需要做(但实际做了)”。

  7. Would have done 表示“本会做(但实际没做)”。

注意:

  • 含有“本…”含义的表达加上 not 后,表示“本不…(但实际做了)”。例如:“need have done” 变为“need not have done”。
  • must 不能用于否定表推测,否定形式只能表达“禁止”的含义。

例题设计:

  1. Tom didn’t attend the meeting yesterday. He _______ (forget) it.
    • A. must have forgotten
    • B. can have forgotten
    • C. may have forgotten
    • D. could have forgotten
  2. The project _______ (finish) last week if we had more time.
    • A. must have been finished
    • B. could have been finished
    • C. may have been finished
    • D. can have been finished
  3. She _______ (work) on the report when you called her yesterday.
    • A. must have been working
    • B. can have been working
    • C. could have been working
    • D. may have been working

现在的推测

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  1. Must + 动词原形 表示对现在事情的肯定推测,意为“一定…”(不常见);must be 表示“一定是…”;must be doing 表示“一定正在…”。
  2. Should + 动词原形 表示对现在事情的推测,意为“应该…”(不常见);should be 表示“应该是…”;should be doing 表示“应该正在…”。
  3. Can/Could + 动词原形 表示对现在事情的可能性推测,意为“可能…”(不常见);can/could be 表示“可能是…”;can/could be doing 表示“可能正在…”。
  4. May/Might + 动词原形 表示对现在事情的可能性推测,意为“也许…”;may/might be 表示“也许是…”;may/might be doing 表示“也许正在…”。

注意:

  • 除了

    must

    ,其他情态动词直接加

    not

    后即可构成否定形式。例如:

    • Should be 变为 should not be 表示“不应该是…”
    • Can be 变为 can’t be 表示“不可能是…”
    • May be 变为 may not be 表示“也许不是…”

例题设计(高考难度):

  1. He ______ (be) at home right now; I saw him leave just a moment ago.
    • A. must be
    • B. should be
    • C. can’t be
    • D. may be
  2. The lights are off; they ______ (sleep) now.
    • A. must be sleeping
    • B. should be sleeping
    • C. can’t be sleeping
    • D. might be sleeping
  3. She ______ (work) on the project now, as the deadline is tomorrow.
    • A. must be working
    • B. should be working
    • C. could be working
    • D. may be working

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助动词

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  1. 助动词的种类
    • 情态动词:am/is/are/was/were
    • 完成时的助动词:have/has/had
    • 实义动词的助动词:do/does/did
  2. 助动词的作用
    • 构成疑问句和否定句。
  3. 否定副词或短语置于句首时的倒装结构
    • 常见否定副词:no, never, hardly, scarcely, barely, at no time, by no means, on no account, in/under no circumstances, in no way 等。
    • 倒装结构:否定副词/短语 + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词。
  4. 助动词用于强调谓语
    • 仅限于do/does/did,用来强调谓语,表示“真的/的确”。
  5. 部分倒装的构成
    • 形式:助动词 + 主语 + 动词。
    • 用法:满足特定条件时必须进行部分倒装。

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Question 1:

Which sentence correctly forms a question using the modal auxiliary “can”?

A. Lily can speak English.

B. Can Lily speak English?

C. Speak English, Lily can.

D. English is spoken by Lily can.

Question 2:

What is the correct form of inversion when the negative adverb “never” is placed at the beginning of the sentence?

A. She never loved you.

B. Never she loved you.

C. Never did she love you.

D. She did never love you.

Question 3:

Which sentence uses the auxiliary “did” to emphasize the verb “go”?

A. Lily went home last week.

B. Lily did go home last week.

C. Did Lily go home last week?

D. Lily go home last week did.

条件2、3

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  1. Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首时的倒装结构
    • 当”Only”引导的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,主句需要使用部分倒装结构。
  2. Not only…but also…结构
    • 当”Not only…but also…”置于句首时,第一个分句使用部分倒装,第二个分句不倒装。
  3. Neither…nor…结构
    • 当”Neither…nor…”置于句首时,两个分句都需要使用部分倒装。

根据上述知识点,我们可以出以下三道高考难度的英文题目:

Question 1:

Fill in the blank with the correct form of inversion when “Only” is used at the beginning of the sentence.

A. Only after finishing his homework __ he went to the party.

B. Only when you understand the concept __ you can solve the problem.

C. Only by practicing regularly __ you will improve your skills.

D. Only if you are prepared __ the opportunity will present itself.

Question 2:

Choose the correct sentence with “Not only…but also…” structure at the beginning.

A. Not only did he win the game, but also he set a new record.

B. Not only he tried his best, but also succeeded in the end.

C. Not only was the movie interesting, but also it was educational.

D. Not only did she study hard, but also she got the highest grade.

Question 3:

Select the sentence that correctly uses the “Neither…nor…” structure at the beginning.

A. Neither did he know the answer, nor did he ask for help.

B. Neither he wanted to go, nor he refused the invitation.

C. Neither did she enjoy the concert, nor did she leave early.

D. Neither did they start on time, nor did they finish late.

部分倒装

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  1. 部分倒装的特殊用法

    • 当使用”As”、”Though”或”However”引导的让步状语从句时,可以使用部分倒装结构。
    • 倒装形式:副词/形容词/无冠词的名词/过去分词/动词原形 + “as”/“though” + 主语 + 谓语。
  2. 部分倒装的例子

    • 正常语序:Though Li Hua is smart…
    • 部分倒装:Smart though Li Hua is…
    • 倒装结构可以加强语气,用于强调从句中的某个成分。
  3. Though the weather is bad, __ we still enjoy our picnic.

    • A. Though the weather is bad, may
    • B. Bad though the weather is,
    • C. Though is the weather bad,
    • D. we may enjoy our picnic.
  4. __ she is busy, she still reads a lot of books after work.

    • A. As she is busy,
    • B. Busy as,
    • C. She is busy as,
    • D. she still reads a lot of books after work.
  5. __ she tries hard, she will never lose her accent.

    • A. However hard she tries,
    • B. Hard however she tries,
    • C. She tries hard, however,
    • D. she will still never lose her accent.

So…that…;such…that… 如此…以至于

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  1. “So…that…” 和 “such…that…” 的区别
    • “so” 后面跟形容词或副词,表示程度。
    • “such” 后面跟名词,表示程度。
  2. 部分倒装用法
    • 当 “so/such…that…” 结构置于句首时,”so/such” 后面的部分到 “that” 之前的部分需要倒装。
    • 如果动词是 “am/is/are/was/were”,直接将这个动词提到主语前。
    • 如果是其他动词,使用 “助动词 + 主语” 的形式进行倒装。
  3. 练习示例
    • 正常语序:He is such a kind man that we all like him.
    • 部分倒装:Such a kind man is he that we all like him.
    • 正常语序:He runs so fast that we all like him.
    • 部分倒装:So fast does he run that we all like him.

SO+助动词//neither/nor//SO+主语+助动词

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  1. “So+助动词+主语” 结构:==用于肯定句中的”…也”==,表示同意或相似的情况。
  2. “neither/nor+助动词+主语” 结构:==用于否定句中的”…也不”==,表示不同意或不相似的情况。
  3. “So+主语+助动词” 结构:==用于强调句中的”确实”==,用来加强语气。
  4. “So it is with sb” 或 “It is the same with sb” 结构:==用于表达”某人(sb.)也是如此”==,适用于既有肯定又有否定的情况。

根据上述知识点,我们可以出以下三道高考难度的英文题目:

例题1:

– Mary had fun at the party last night.

– Indeed, __ I did too.

A. So had I B. So I had C. So did I D. I had so

例题2:

– Mary didn’t do the task.

– Tom __ either.

A. So did Tom B. Neither did Tom C. So doesn’t Tom D. Nor did Tom

例题3:

– I like apples but I don’t like peaches.

– __.

A. Neither do I B. So do I C. So it is with me D. It is the same with you

全部倒装

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  1. 全部倒装的形式:将整个谓语提到主语之前,不需要使用助动词。
  2. 全部倒装的条件:
    • 表示方位、顺序或地点的介词短语或副词置于句首。
    • 主语必须是名词,而不是代词。
  3. 常见用于全部倒装的词汇:here, there, up, down, then, now, first, next, last, under the tree 等。

例题1:

Here ___ the bus!

A. comes B. come C. is coming D. came

例题2:

Under the tree ___ a beautiful garden.

A. lies B. is lying C. does lie D. lay

例题3:

Now ___ the performance.

A. begins B. is beginning C. did begin D. was beginning

介词/冠词/数词/连词

介词

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  1. 介词的时间用法
    • “In” 用于年份、月份、季节、朝代、世纪或一天中的早中晚。
    • “On” 用于具体的某一天、被修饰的某一天或某一天的早中晚。
    • “At” 用于具体的时刻或几点钟,以及一些固定搭配。
  2. 介词的固定搭配
    • “At” 用于表示具体时间点,如 “at 20:28 p.m.”、”at noon”、”at night” 和 “at midnight”。
  3. 介词的用法示例
    • “In 2024”、”in August”、”in summer”、”in the Tang Dynasty”、”in the 21st century”、”in the morning/afternoon/evening”。
    • “On Sunday”、”on a rainy day”、”on Sunday morning”。

根据上述知识点,我们可以出以下三道高考难度的英文题目:

例题1:

There will be a meeting on Friday morning. Which preposition correctly completes the sentence?

A. in B. on C. at D. for

例题2:

The historic event took place ___ the early hours of the morning on August 15, 1945.

A. in B. on C. at D. by

例题3:

She received the award ___ the annual ceremony last year.

A. in B. on C. at D. during

地点用词

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  1. **介词 “In”**:
    • 用于大地方或表示在某个范围内,如 “in China”, “in Jiangxi”, “in the school”。
  2. **介词 “On”**:
    • 用于开阔地或表示在某个平面上,如 “on the farm”, “on the ground”。
    • 表示两个物体接触的上方。
  3. **介词 “At”**:
    • 用于小地方或表示一个比较精确的坐标,如 “at the school”(指说话人共同知晓的地点)。
  4. 介词”to”:
    • 用于”在某地区以外”,如“Taiwan is to the southeast of China.”
  5. **介词 “Over”**:
    • 表示两个物体不接触的垂直上方,反义词是 “under”。
  6. **介词 “Above”**:
    • 表示两个物体不接触的斜上方,反义词是 “below”。
  7. **介词 “Beneath”**:
    • 表示在…下面,与 “on” 相对。

根据上述知识点,我们可以出以下三道高考难度的英文题目:

例题1:

The ancient temple is located ___ the mountain, a place of great serenity.

A. in B. on C. at D. above

例题2:

We can meet ___ the library this afternoon if it’s convenient for you.

A. in B. on C. at D. of

例题3:

The hot air balloon was floating ___ the city, providing a magnificent view.

A. beneath B. over C. under D. below

工具用词

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  1. **介词 “In”**:
    • 用于表示使用无形状的材料或语言,如 “in ink”(用墨水)、”in English”(用英语)。
    • 用于表示处于某种状态或穿着,如 “in danger”(处于危险中)、”in motion”(处于移动状态)、”in red”(穿着红色的衣服)。
  2. **介词 “With”**:
    • 用于表示使用有形状的工具或材料,如 “with a hammer”(用锤子)、”with a pen”(用笔)。
    • 用于表示具有、带有或拿着某物,如 “with a ball”(拿着一个球)。
  3. **介词 “By”**:
    • 用于表示方式、方法或手段,如 “by bike”(骑自行车)。
    • 用于表示通过某种方式,如 “by WeChat”(通过微信)、”by cash”(用现金)。
    • 注意:使用具体的钱时用 “with”,如 “with 100 CNY”(用100元人民币)。

根据上述知识点,我们可以出以下三道高考难度的英文题目:

例题1:

Lily often goes to work ___.

A. in a hurry B. with a map C. by subway D. with a guide

例题2:

The teacher is writing on the blackboard ___ a piece of chalk.

A. in ink B. with C. by hand D. at speed

例题3:

He communicated his ideas to us clearly ___ sign language.

A. in B. with C. by D. through

交通用法

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  1. On foot:步行,这是一个固定搭配。
  2. By + 交通工具:使用特定的交通工具,中间不需要用冠词,如 by taxi, by air, by bus, by train。
  3. In + 交通工具:通常用于只能坐着的交通工具,如 in a taxi, in a boat, in a helicopter。
  4. On + 交通工具:通常用于能够站起来或走动的交通工具,如 on a bus, on a train, on a steamer/ship, on a plane。注意 “by bike” 等于 “on a bike”。

例题1:

He decided to go to the store ___.

A. on foot B. in a car C. by car D. on a car

例题2:

The children were excited to travel ___ their family’s new boat.

A. by B. in C. on D. at

例题3:

To get to the island, one must take a ferry ___.

A. by B. in C. on D. at

介词辨析

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  1. “in” 和 “on” 的区别
    • “in” 用于树上的外来之物,如 “birds in the tree”(鸟在树上)。
    • “on” 用于树上长出来的事物,如 “apples on the tree”(树上的苹果)。
  2. “除…之外” 的辨析
    • “but” 和 “except” 基本相同,表示排除在外,如 “I want nobody but/except you”(我只想要你)。
    • “besides” 表示“除…之外还”,宾语是包括在内的,如 “Many friends have been to Changsha besides me”(除了我,还有许多朋友去过长沙)。
    • “apart from” 可以表示排除或包括,取决于具体语境。
    • “except for” 用于对整体情况进行说明并进行部分细节修正,通常用于不同类的事物。

根据上述知识点,我们可以出以下三道高考难度的英文题目:

例题1:

There are many fruits ___ the tree and some birds are resting among the branches.

A. in B. on C. at D. by

例题2:

I am ready to accept your offer ___ you can provide a detailed plan.

A. but B. except C. besides D. apart from

例题3:

The room was clean ___ a few dust bunnies under the bed.

A. except B. except for C. besides D. apart from

冠词

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  1. **不定冠词 “a/an”**:
    • 用于泛指,表示“一个”或“某个”。
    • 使用 “a” 还是 “an” 取决于后面单词的音标开头是否为元音音素。如果是元音音素,使用 “an”;如果不是,使用 “a”。
  2. **定冠词 “the”**:
    • 用于特指,表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”或“那些”。
  3. 不定冠词的使用情况
    • 当首次提到某人或某物时使用。
    • 表示相同的性质,常用于 “…of a/an + 名词” 结构。
  4. 不定冠词与头衔/身份/职位的辨析
    • 当一个人具有两个不同的头衔/身份/职位时,使用 “a/an” 加单数形式的名词。

例题1:

I would like to share a story about ___ brave soldier who saved many lives.

A. a B. an C. the D. no article

例题2:

She is ___ university professor and ___ author, which makes her experiences quite diverse.

A. a, an B. an, a C. a, a D. the, the

例题3:

I have never met ___ man like him before; he is truly one of a kind.

A. a B. an C. the D. no article

补充

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定冠词

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  1. 特指
    • 用于特指双方都知道的人或物。
    • 用于第二次提到的人或物。
  2. ==序数词前==:
    • “the” 用于序数词前,如 “the first”。
  3. ==乐器前==:
    • “the” 用于乐器前,无论是西洋乐器还是中国乐器。
  4. ==球类/棋类前不加冠词==:
    • 如 “play soccer”、”play chess”。
  5. ==年代前==:
    • 如 “In the 1960s”。
  6. 介词+the+==方位==/方向名词
    • 如 “Turn to the left”。
  7. 姓氏复数前
    • 表示一家人,如 “The Greens”。
  8. the+形容词
    • 表示一类人或物,视为复数,如 “The old”、”The young”。

例题1:

I have a book about Chinese music; I left it on the table, and now ___ friend has taken it.

A. a B. an C. the D. no article

例题2:

To master a new language, one should practice speaking it every day. He who reaches ___ the first in the morning will benefit a lot.

A. a B. an C. the D. no article

例题3:

Lily is interested in traditional Chinese culture, so she decided to visit the museum that displays ancient musical instruments, such as ___ Erhu and ___ piano.

A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the

零冠词

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  1. 专有名词前不用冠词
    • 如==地名、国家、语言、季节、人名==等,例如 “in summer”、”The Great Wall”。
  2. 一日三餐前不用冠词
    • 如 “have breakfast/lunch/dinner“,但如果是具体的某一餐或前有形容词修饰,则使用冠词
  3. 职位/头衔/身份前的名词前不用冠词
    • 当名词表示职位、头衔或身份时,不用冠词。如果表示具体的人,则需要判断使用何种冠词。

例题1:

The Great Wall is one of the most famous landmarks in ___ China.

A. the B. a C. / D. an

例题2:

Li Hua, ___ teacher, is giving a lecture on Chinese culture.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

例题3:

Jane is from ___ France and she is studying in China as an exchange student.

A. the B. a C. / D. an

数词

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  1. 基数词:表示数量的词,如1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9等。
  2. 序数词:表示顺序的词,如first, second, third, fourth等。
  3. 数词与”hundred”的用法:
    • 数词 + hundred:表示具体几百,如 “100” 表示为 “one hundred”,”200” 表示为 “two hundred”。无论数词是什么,”hundred” 不能加 “s”。
    • hundreds of:表示成百上千的或很多,用来修饰名词,表示数量多。
    • 注意:数词 + hundred 和 hundreds of 不能混用,”hundred” 不能单独使用。

例题1:

There are ___ students in the classroom, making it quite crowded.

A. hundred of B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. two hundreds

例题2:

She has spent over ___ dollars on her new computer.

A. two hundreds B. two hundred C. two hundreds of D. two hundred of

例题3:

The company was established in ___ and has since grown into a multinational corporation.

A. 1980s B. the 1980 C. the 1980s D. 1980

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主语从句🌟

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  1. 连词的种类

    • 并列连词:连接并列的词、短语或句子,如 “and”, “but”, “or” 等。
    • 从句连词:引导从句,分为名词性从句和状语从句。
  2. 名词性从句

    • 主语从句:作为动词或介词的主体,如 “What he said is true.”(他说的是真的。)
  3. 特殊连词

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    栏位1: ==+完整的句子==

    • that“:无实际意义,引导名词性从句,不充当句子成分,如 “That she won the prize is surprising.”(她赢得了奖项令人惊讶。)
    • whether“:表示“是否”,引导名词性从句,如 “I don’t know whether he is coming.”(我不知道他是否会来。)
    • when“, “where“, “how“, “why“:分别表示时间、地点、方式、原因,引导名词性从句,如 “I remember when we first met.”(我记得我们第一次见面的时候。)

    栏位2: ==+不完整的句子==

    • what(ever)/what“ 什么,
    • who(ever)“ (无论谁);做:主宾表。
    • whom(ever)“ 谁(无论谁);做:宾表。(不能作主语!)
    • which(ever)“ 哪一个(无论哪一个);做:主宾表定
    • whose“ 谁的做:定语。
  4. 连词的使用

    • 根据从句是否完整以及需要表达的含义选择合适的连词。
    • 连词后面的句子是否完整,决定了使用 “that” 或特殊疑问词。
    • 连词在从句中是否充当成分,决定了使用 “what” 还是 “which”,”who” 还是 “whom”。

例题1:

It is not yet decided ______ he will give a speech at the conference.

A. that B. whether C. when D. how

例题2:

______ interesting the story is!

A. How B. What C. That D. Which

例题3:

I will tell you ______ she told me yesterday.

A. that B. what C. which D. whom

补充

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  1. 主语从句的构成
    • 主语从句由一个句子充当另一个句子的主语,使用特殊的连词引导。
  2. 主语从句的连词
    • “That”:无实际意义,引导完整的主语从句。
    • “What”:表示“什么”,引导不完整的主语从句,可用作从句中的主语或宾语。
    • “Who”:表示“谁”,引导不完整的主语从句,用作从句中的主语。
    • “Whose”:表示“谁的”,用作从句中的定语。
  3. 主语从句的谓语动词
    • 当主语从句作为整个句子的主语时,后面的谓语动词通常使用单数形式。
  4. 主语从句的完整性
    • 如果主语从句是完整的,使用 “That”。
    • 如果主语从句是不完整的,根据缺少的成分选择 “What”, “Who”, “Whose” 等。

根据上述知识点,我们可以出以下三道高考难度的英文题目:

例题1: ______ is a mystery who sent the gift to the orphanage.

A. That B. What C. Who D. Whose

例题2: ______ will win the championship is yet to be decided.

A. That B. What C. Who D. Which

例题3: ______ is not known whether the meeting will be held online or in person.

A. That B. What C. It D. This

选择题怎么做

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形式主语

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  1. 形式主语
    • 为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用 “it“ 作为形式主语,而将主语从句后置。
    • 例如:”It is certain that we will pass the exam.”
  2. 主语从句的虚拟语气
    • 当主语从句中使用某些形容词时,从句中的动词需要使用虚拟语气形式。
    • 常用的形容词包括:
necessary 必要的 important 重要的 impossible 不可能的 natural 自然
surprising 令人惊讶的 best 最好的 crucial 至关重要的至关重要的 desirable 可取的
essential 至关重要的 urgent 紧急的 vital 至关重要的
  1. 虚拟语气的两种形式
    • 第一种:it is/was + 形容词 + for sb to do sth ; that sb,其中 “should” 可以省略。
    • 第二种:it is/was + (high/about) time + that sb + ==主动should do;被动should be done==;==主动did;被动was/were done== ; 这里的 “should” 不可省略。

例题1: It is essential that the project ___ on time.

A. is completed B. will be completed C. must be completed D. should be completed

例题2: It is high time that we ___ our homework.

A. did B. do C. will do D. have done

例题3: It was important that the message ___ to the public immediately.

A. was sent B. should be sent C. must be sent D. would be sent

强调语句

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  1. 强调句型的结构
    • 使用 “it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who…” 的结构,其中 “that” 用于物,**”who” 用于人**。
    • 强调句型中,如果时态是过去时,使用 “was”;如果是现在时,使用 “is”。
  2. 强调句型的特征
    • 去掉强调结构后,剩下的部分应该依然完整通顺。
    • 通常只强调主语或状语。
  3. 区分主语从句与强调句型
    • 疑似强调句型时,先用强调句型的特征来检验。如果是强调句型,去除 “it is/was…that/who…” 后句子应依然完整;如果不是,通常为主语从句。
  4. 其他固定句式
    • 如 “it seems (ed) that…”(似乎),”it happens (ed) that…”(碰巧),”it occurs (ed) to sb that…”(某人突然想起)。
    • 如 “it is/was + said/reported/expected/thought/considered/advised/proposed… that…“(据说/据报道/据预期/…)。
  5. 强调句型的特殊结构
    • “it is/was not until… that…” 结构,表示“直到…才…”。

例题1:

It was not until the experiment was finished __ he realized the importance of safety measures.

A. that B. when C. since D. before

例题2:

It is a pity __ you cannot attend the ceremony.

A. that B. who C. which D. what

例题3:

__ is reported __ the company’s profits have significantly increased this quarter.

A. It, that B. There, which C. What, who D. As, when

补充

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宾语从句(预测🌟)

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  1. 宾语从句的定义
    • 宾语从句是用作动词或介词的宾语的句子。
  2. 宾语从句的引导词
    • 与主语从句相同,使用特殊连词,包括 “that”, “whether”, “if” 等。
    • “that” 通常不充当从句中的任何成分,而 “whether” 和 “if” 可以表示”是否”。
  3. 宾语从句的用法
    • 在某些动词或介词后面,可以使用宾语从句作为其宾语,如 “know”, “think”, “believe” 等。
  4. 宾语从句的省略
    • 在宾语从句中,如果引导词 “that” 是从句的第一个词,通常可以省略。

根据上述知识点,我们可以出以下三道高考难度的英文题目:

例题1:

I am not sure ___ he will be able to attend the meeting.

A. why B. whether C. that D. how

例题2:

The teacher asked the students ___ they had finished their homework.

A. if B. that C. whether D. who

例题3:

It is a fact ___ the earth goes around the sun.

A. that B. what C. which D. why

规则2:主过从必过

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  1. 宾语从句的时态规则
    • 主过从必过:当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句也应使用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
    • 主现从判断:当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句的时态需要根据具体情况判断。
  2. 具体时间点的进行时态
    • 如果宾语从句描述的是在过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作,即使主句是过去时,宾语从句也应使用过去进行时。
  3. 客观真理的一般现在时
    • 即使主句是过去时态,如果宾语从句描述的是客观真理或科学事实,宾语从句应使用一般现在时。

根据上述知识点,我们可以出以下三道高考难度的英文题目:

例题1:

Lily said that she ___ not attend the sports meeting next Sunday.

A. will B. would C. can D. could

例题2:

Tom reported that they ___ soccer at 6:00 p.m. last night.

A. are playing B. were playing C. would play D. play

例题3:

The teacher explained that light ___ faster than sound.

A. travels B. travelled C. would travel D. is traveling

规则3:如何做选择题

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规则4:that/whether/if 的选择

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  1. 确定性与不确定性
    • 当谓语动词表达“确定”的含义时,选择 “that”。
    • 当谓语动词表达“不确定”的含义时,选择 “whether” 或 “if”。
  2. **优先选择 “whether”**:
    • 在宾语从句中,”whether” 和 “if” 都可以表示“是否”,但 “whether” 的适用范围更广,且在某些固定搭配中只能使用 “whether”。
  3. 固定搭配
    • “whether…or not”、”whether to do”、”whether…or…” 等结构中优先使用 “whether”。
    • 在介词后面,优先使用 “whether”。

例题1:

I am certain ___ he will be successful in his career.

A. that B. whether C. if D. and

例题2:

The manager is considering ___ we should expand our business to a new city.

A. that B. whether C. if D. why

例题3:

There is no doubt ___ the new policy will benefit the environment.

A. that B. whether C. if D. how

规则5:陈述语句

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  1. 陈述语序
    • 宾语从句必须使用陈述语序,即“==连词 + 主语 + 动词==”的顺序。
    • 这与一般疑问句的语序(“主语 + 助动词”)不同。
  2. 正确的选项格式
    • 在选择题中,如果选项是一长串单词,且只有顺序的变化,正确的选项应该是陈述语序。

根据上述知识点,我们可以出以下三道高考难度的英文题目:

例题1: Could you tell me ___?

A. where can I buy this book B. where I can buy this book C. I can buy this book where D. where I buy this book

例题2: I want to know ___.

A. whom is she looking for B. whom she is looking for C. she is looking for whom D. whom she looking for

例题3: Do you understand ___?

A. why he is late today B. why is he late today C. he is late why today D. today why he is late

规则6:形式宾语

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  1. 形式宾语
    • 在某些动词后面,如 “make”, “feel”, “think”, “consider”, “find”, “regard” 等,可以使用形式宾语 “it” 来代替宾语从句,使句子更加直接和清晰。
  2. 形式宾语的结构
    • 主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + to do(真正的宾语从句作为补语)。
  3. 形式宾语的使用
    • 使用形式宾语后,宾语从句的 “that” 一般不省略。
  4. 形式宾语的固定句式
    • 某些固定句式中使用形式宾语,如 “sb depend/rely on it that”, “sb see to it that”, “sb insist on it that”。

例题1:

Our teacher finds ___ to complete the project before the deadline.

A. that it important B. it important C. this important D. it’s important

例题2:

The company decided ___ to expand its business into new markets.

A. that it necessary B. it necessary C. this necessary D. it’s necessary

例题3:

She made ___ clear to everyone that she would not tolerate any form of dishonesty.

A. that it B. it C. this D. which

规则7:宾语从句的虚拟语气

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  1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气
    • 某些动词后面的宾语从句需要使用虚拟语气,这些动词包括:
      • 一个“想要”:desire
      • 一个“宁愿”:prefer
      • 两个“命令”:order, command
      • 三个“建议”:advise, suggest, propose
      • 三个“要求”:demand, require, request
      • 一个“推荐”:recommend
      • 一个“坚持”:insist
    • 虚拟语气的结构:
      • 主动:(should) do
      • 被动:(should) be done
  2. 表语从句
    • 表语从句跟在系动词后面,用来说明主语的状态或属性。
    • 特殊连词与主语从句相同,但表语从句中还包括 “as if/as though”, “because” 等。
  3. 表语从句中的连词翻译
    • 在表语从句中,某些连词的翻译与它们在主语从句中的翻译不同,例如:
      • “when” 翻译为“的时候”
      • “where” 翻译为“的地方”
      • “how” 翻译为“的方法/方式”
      • “why” 翻译为“的原因”

例题1: The teacher suggested that we ___ the book carefully before class.

A. read B. reads C. will read D. should read

例题2: It is important that the project ___ on time.

A. completes B. is completed C. will be completed D. be completed

例题3: This is ___ the children are playing in the park.

A. why B. when C. where D. because

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  1. 表语从句的判断
    • 表语从句跟在系动词后面,用来说明主语的状态或属性。
  2. 表语从句的完整性
    • 判断表语从句是否完整,以确定使用哪种连词。
  3. 表语从句的连词选择
    • 根据从句的完整性和需要表达的含义选择合适的连词,如 “that”, “what”, “why” 等。
  4. 表语从句的特殊注意点
    • 当表语从句前出现 “reason”, “why”, “because” 等词时,从句中不能再使用 “because” 或 “why” 作为连词。

例题1: The reason ___ he was late for the meeting is that he got caught in a traffic jam.

A. that B. why C. because D. when

例题2: It isn’t what it was five years ago, when the company was small and less known.

A. that B. which C. who D. what

例题3: —What is it that makes you so upset? — ___ he didn’t keep his promise.

A. that B. why C. what D. when

同位语从句

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  1. 同位语:当一个名词与另一个名词相等时,后者被称为同位语。
    • 例子:我,秦始皇,打钱。在这里,“秦始皇”是“我”的同位语。
  2. 同位语从句:用一个句子作为同位语。
    • 例子:我有一个想法:我们去散步。I have an idea that we go for a walk.
  3. 抽象名词:同位语从句前面必须有一个抽象名词,如:idea(想法)、hope(希望)、theory(理论)、fact(事实)、truth(真相)、information(信息)、suggestion(建议)、belief(信仰)、question(问题)、doubt(怀疑)、rumor(谣言)、news(消息)等。
  4. 判断标准:抽象名词与后面的句子相等,即你知道该抽象名词的具体内容。
  5. 特殊连词:同位语从句与主语从句使用相同的连词,但不使用which,一般也不用ever形式。
  6. 真题示例:More and more people are realizing the fact that heart disease is related to people’s life styles.
  7. 答案倾向:在历年真题里,同位语从句的答案通常使用”that”。

基于上述知识点,以下是三个例题:

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) The professor gave us a piece of advice that we should always be prepared for the unexpected.

A. which B. that C. who D. whose

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) The news _________ the company went bankrupt spread quickly in the city.

A. what B. that C. whether D. how

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) I have a belief ________ everyone should be treated equally regardless of their background.

A. which B. that C. who D. where

定语从句(每年都考🌟)

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  1. 定语:相当于形容词,用来修饰名词,表示“…的”。
  2. 定语从句:用一个句子来表示“…的”,作为定语,用于修饰名词或代词。
  3. 特殊连词
    • 当先行词是人时:
      • who:作主语、宾语、表语
      • whom:作宾语、表语
      • that:作主语、宾语、表语
    • 当先行词是物时:
      • that:作主语、宾语、表语
      • which:作主语、宾语、表语
    • 特殊用法:
      • whose:表示“…的”,作定语
  4. 备注
    • 定语从句没有ever形式,也没有what。
    • 定语从句中,除了whose,其他所有连词都无含义。
    • 先行词是定语从句所修饰的词,一般位于定语从句前,且为名词或代词。
    • that在定语从句中只用于不完整的句子;在其他从句中,that有实际含义。

基于上述知识点,以下是三个例题:

例题1:The book _________ on the desk is an interesting novel.

A. which lies B. that lies C. who lies D. whom lies

例题2:This is the house _________ I grew up.

A. that B. which C. where D. in which

例题3:The scientist _________ discovered the new planet was awarded the Nobel Prize.

A. that B. who C. whom D. whose

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规则一:连词

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  1. 定语从句省略规则
    • 当引导词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略。
  2. 省略示例
    • She is the girl (who/whom/that/省略) met at the party yesterday.
    • The meeting (that/which/省略) you missed is very important.
  3. 不可省略的情况
    • 当引导词在定语从句中作主语时,不可省略。
    • Lily is the nurse (who/that) takes care of these children.
  4. 先行词与引导词选择
    • 当先行词是物时,如果定语从句缺少宾语,可以选用that/which,但通常使用that。
    • This is the reason (that) you forgot.
  5. 地点先行词
    • 当先行词是地点时,使用where引导定语从句。
    • It is the school (where) Li Hua worked.

基于上述知识点,以下是三个例题:

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) The man ( ) I talked to at the conference is a famous scientist.

A. who B. whom C. that D. /

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) This is the reason ( ) he was late for the meeting.

A. why B. that C. for which D. /

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) The factory ( ) we visited yesterday is producing masks for the pandemic.

A. who B. which C. that D. /

规则2:that 和 which

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规则3:whose

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  1. 定语从句中that和which的使用规则
    • 在定语从句中,that和which通常可以通用。
    • 特定情况下,使用which:
      • 逗号后面。
      • 介词后面。
    • 特定情况下,使用that:
      • 序数词或最高级修饰先行词时。
      • 先行词被every, some, little, no, all, much, any, the only, the very, the same, the last, just等修饰时。
      • 先行词是everything, something, nothing, anything时。
      • 在there be句型中。
      • 当先行词指物,在主句中做表语时。
      • 当先行词既有物又有人时。
      • 固定搭配,如the way后面使用that/in which/省略。
      • such…as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等成分,用来修饰先行词
      • such…that“that” 引导的是一个结果状语从句,整个结构表示 “如此…… 以至于……” 的意思
  2. 先行词被the only修饰时
    • 定语从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。
  3. 先行词是the way时
    • 后面可以使用that/in which/省略。

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) This is the best novel _______ I have ever read.

A. which B. that C. whom D. /

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) There are many things _______ we can learn from.

A. that B. which C. what D. /

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) I hate the way _______ you treat your friends.

A. which B. that C. in which D. /

规则4:when/where/why与“介词+which”的转换

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  1. 定语从句中when/where/why与“介词+which”的转换
    • 当先行词与时间或地点有关时,可以使用“介词+which”来替换when/where。
    • 例如,where可以转换为in/at which,when可以转换为on/in which。
  2. 具体转换示例
    • This is the school where Li Hua worked. → This is the school in/at which Li Hua worked.
    • I still remember the day when I met you. → I still remember the day on/in which I met you.
    • I know the reason why he was late. → I know the reason for which he was late.
  3. 注意点
    • 转换时,介词的选择应与先行词的搭配相符。
    • why通常转换为for which,但for which不一定等于why。
  4. as在定语从句中的使用
    • as常用于固定搭配,如as we know, as is known to all, as is mentioned above等。

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) This is the museum _______ we visited last week.

A. which B. where C. in which D. at which

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) I will never forget the year _______ we graduated from college.

A. which B. that C. when D. on which

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) As is known to all, China is a country with a long history.

A. as B. which C. that D. it

as和which重点区分

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  1. 非限制性定语从句中as和which的区分
    • as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,但它们在用法和含义上有所不同。
  2. 含义区别
    • which指代前面整个句子的内容,翻译为“这”、“这件事”或“这一点”。
    • as通常用来表示“正如”或“众所周知”,不直接指代前面的句子,而是引入一个已知的==事实或普遍接受==的观点。
  3. 位置灵活性
    • which只能放在逗号后面。
    • as的位置更灵活,可以放在句首、句中或句末。
  4. 示例
    • Tom is a famous scientist, which we all know.(这/这件事我们都知道。)
    • Tom is a famous scientist, as we all know.(正如我们都知道的那样。)

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) He has been working in the company for five years, _______ he has gained a lot of experience.

A. which B. as C. that D. it

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) ________, the project was successfully completed ahead of schedule.

A. As we all know B. Which we all know C. That we all know D. It

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) The company has won several awards, _______ has improved its reputation.

A. which B. as C. that D. it

特殊连词

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定从he talks

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  1. 定语从句的不完整性
    • 为了使用关系代词(如who, whom, that)引导定语从句,从句需要是不完整的,即缺少某个成分(主语、宾语等)。
  2. 引入介词
    • 通过在定语从句中引入介词,可以将原本完整的从句变为不完整的结构,从而使用关系代词。
  3. 确定介词
    • 根据先行词和句意选择合适的介词。例如,如果句中有“talk”,则可能与“talk with sb”或“talk to sb”等固定搭配相关。
  4. 介词+关系代词
    • 介词后通常使用whom或which,而不是that。介词后的关系代词可以省略。
  5. 省略关系代词
    • 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略。
  6. 固定搭配的介词提前
    • 在定语从句中,固定搭配的介词可以提前到关系代词前。

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) Do you know the person _______ he often talks about?

A. who B. whom C. that D. with whom

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) The book _______ she is reading is very interesting.

A. which B. that C. whom D. /

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) The house _______ we visited last week has a beautiful garden.

A. which B. that C. where D. /

介词+which/whom

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  1. 介词+which/whom的使用
    • 介词后面通常跟which或whom,而不是who或that。
  2. 介词的来源
      1. 与先行词的搭配。
      1. 定语从句中的固定搭配。
  3. 定语从句的调整
    • 当定语从句中的动词与先行词形成固定搭配时,可能需要调整句子结构以适应正确的介词使用。
  4. 先行词与介词的搭配
    • 根据先行词和句意选择合适的介词。
  5. 错误选项的排除
    • 根据先行词的类型(人或物)和句子结构排除不合适的选项。

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) Do you know the person _______ he was talking?

A. who B. whom C. with whom D. that

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) The book _______ she is interested is on the desk.

A. about which B. in which C. which D. that

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) The reason _______ he was late was the heavy traffic.

A. for that B. for which C. why D. /

虚拟语气

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  1. 虚拟语气的用途
    • 用于表达不可能、几乎不可能或与事实相反的情况。
  2. 虚拟语气的常见结构
    • 通常由“if”引导的条件句。
  3. 虚拟语气的时态规则
    • 对现在虚拟:从句使用过去式(did/were),主句使用would/could/should/might + 动词原形。
    • 对过去虚拟:从句使用过去完成时(had done),主句使用would/could/should/might + 动词的完成式(have done)。
    • 对将来虚拟:从句使用过去式(did/were)、should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形,主句使用would/could/should/might + 动词原形。
  4. 注意事项
    • 虚拟语气中不使用was,而使用were。
    • 虚拟语气的表达方式需要根据条件句所指的时间来确定。

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) If I had enough money, I _______ buy a new car.

A. would B. will C. should D. could

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) If it were not for the support of my family, I _______ able to finish my studies.

A. wouldn’t be B. wasn’t C. weren’t D. wasn’t able

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) If he practiced more, he _______ the piano much better.

A. played B. would play C. had played D. would have played

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虚拟语气的倒装

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  1. if引导的虚拟语气倒装规则
    • 当条件从句中包含“had”、“should”或“were”时,可以省略“if”,并将这些词提前以构成倒装。
  2. 倒装结构
    • 将“had”、“should”或“were”移到主语之前,构成倒装句。
  3. 否定结构不倒装
    • 否定词(如“not”)不参与倒装,即不提前。
  4. 倒装示例
    • 原句:If I had 5 million, I would give you 4 million.
    • 倒装:Had I 5 million, I would give you 4 million.
  5. 练习示例
    • 原句:If she were a boy, ….
    • 倒装:Were she a boy, ….
  6. 倒装练习
    • 原句:If she were not to come, ….
    • 倒装:Were she not to come, ….
  7. 对过去的虚拟倒装
    • 原句:If we had made adequate preparation, we might have succeeded.
    • 倒装:Had we made adequate preparation, we might have succeeded.

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) If it should rain tomorrow, we _______ go out.

A. should B. would C. could D. might

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) If you were in my position, you _______ accept the offer.

A. should B. would C. might D. could

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) Without your help, we _______ the project on time.

A. should have finished B. would have finished C. could have finished D. might have finished

or/otherwise”、“but for”或“without”

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  1. 虚拟语气的第二部分
    • 使用“or/otherwise”、“but for”或“without”来表达条件的省略形式。
  2. 考法
    • 事实 + “or/otherwise” + 主句的虚拟语气。
    • “but for”/“without” + 事实,主句的虚拟语气。
  3. 事实的时态
    • 根据实际情况使用正确的时态。
  4. 主句的虚拟语气
    • 根据if规则下的现在、过去、将来的主句虚拟规则来确定。
  5. 示例
    • 我昨天很忙,否则,我早就完成了作业。
    • I was busy yesterday, or/otherwise, I would have finished the homework.
  6. 练习示例
    • 要不是你的帮助,我无法准时回家。
    • But for your help, I couldn’t have got home on time.
  7. 真题示例
    • He was busy, otherwise, he would have attended the meeting.

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) She was ill yesterday, _______ she didn’t come to the party.

A. or B. otherwise C. but for D. without

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) But for your support, I _______ able to achieve this success.

A. wouldn’t be B. couldn’t have been C. shouldn’t have been D. might not have been

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) Without your encouragement, I _______ the courage to face the challenge.

A. might not have had B. should not have had C. could not have had D. would not have had

as if/as though 似乎/好像 if only要是…就好了

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  1. as if/as though的用法
    • 用于表达似乎或好像的情况,可以引导虚拟语气,尤其是在描述不可能或不真实的情况时。
  2. if only的用法
    • 用于表达愿望,意为“要是…就好了”,通常只影响从句的虚拟语气。
  3. 虚拟语气的时态规则
    • 对现在虚拟:使用did/were。
    • 对过去虚拟:使用had done。
    • 对将来虚拟:使用would/could + 动词原形。
  4. as if/as though的可能情况
    • 除了虚拟语气,as if/as though也可以用于描述可能发生的情况,此时应根据句子的实际情况使用正确的时态。
  5. 示例
    • 要是他明天会来就好了。If only he would come tomorrow.
    • 当铅笔部分浸入水中时,它看起来好像断了。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) She talks about the movie as if she _______ it before.

A. had seen B. saw C. has seen D. will see

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) If only I _______ more attention to my studies when I was young.

A. had paid B. paid C. would pay D. will pay

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) He speaks as if he _______ everything in the world.

A. knew B. knows C. has known D. would know

Would rather 宁愿

感叹句

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  1. would rather的用法
    • 用于表达偏好或愿望,意为“宁愿”,后面接从句时使用虚拟语气。
    • 对现在虚拟:使用did/were。
    • 对过去虚拟:使用had done。
    • 对将来虚拟:使用did/were。
  2. had hoped的用法
    • 表示过去的愿望,后面接宾语从句时使用“would + 动词原形”。
  3. in case that/for fear that/lest的用法
    • 用于表达预防或担忧,后面接状语从句时使用虚拟语气。
    • 主动形式:should + 动词原形。
    • 被动形式:should be + 过去分词。
  4. 感叹句的构成
    • What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
    • How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
  5. 感叹句的解题方法
    • 以最后一个动词为界限,将剩余内容分成两部分,看最多能分出几个主语。
    • 分出两个主语:选择what。
    • 分出一个主语:选择how。
    • 没有how a/an的形式。

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) I would rather you _______ to the meeting this afternoon.

A. didn’t go B. don’t go C. won’t go D. wouldn’t go

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) I had hoped that you _______ the project on time.

A. would finish B. finished C. had finished D. will finish

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) _______ brave the students are!

A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

主谓一致

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  1. 主谓一致
    • 主语决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
  2. 就近原则
    • 在多个主语共用一个谓语时,谓语动词的单复数由最接近它的主语决定。
    • 适用于there be句型、not only…but also…、neither…nor…、either…or…、or、not…but…等结构。
  3. 就远原则
    • 谓语动词的单复数由离谓语最远的主语决定。
    • 适用于as well as、with、along with、together with、coupled with、but、besides、except、in addition to、including、like、no less than、more than、rather than、instead of等结构。
  4. 分数、百分数、量词与名词
    • 分数、百分数、a lot of/lots of、plenty of、the rest of、half of、some of等量词后接名词时,谓语动词由后面的名词决定。
  5. 表示时间、价格、度量、重量的复数名词
    • 作为主语时,看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
  6. 乘法、加法、除法、减法算式作主语
    • 乘法、加法算式作主语时,谓语动词可以是单数或复数。
    • 除法、减法算式作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数。

例题1:(2024年高考英语模拟题) Not only the teacher but also the students _______ the performance.

A. was interested in B. were interested in C. is interested in D. are interested in

例题2:(2024年高考英语模拟题) Five years _______ a long time to wait.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

例题3:(2024年高考英语模拟题) Three times four _______ twelve.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

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